PROJECTEnquire ↗Designed around analysis and purpose
Process water, circuit make-up and reuse have different requirements. Suitable treatment starts with feedwater analysis and a defined target quality.
Operating context
A project may combine pretreatment, filtration, membrane stages, storage and dosing. Operating balances, utilities and management of secondary streams belong in the assessment. These are integration options whose feasibility is established through the specific engineering design.
Engineering priorities
Suspended matter, organic contamination and changing composition affect downstream stages. Ultrafiltration can separate particles and colloids, but does not itself replace desalination or assessment of all dissolved substances.
Reverse osmosis is designed around water composition, temperature and target quality. A membrane element’s output under laboratory conditions is not the capacity of a complete operating unit. Pretreatment, fouling and cleaning requirements matter.
Flow, pressure and quality indicators support monitoring of individual stages. The destination of treated water, concentrate, backwash and waste streams must be defined. A recovery target must respect the complete water balance.
Include residual streams and sludge management so water treatment connects with subsequent operating stages.
Before engineering
Agreed with the proposal
The actual scope and acceptance criteria depend on the application and contract.
Selection in context
Assess the complete fluid composition including impurities, concentration, temperature and loading; a material family designation alone does not establish product suitability.
On a small screen, scroll the table sideways to compare the selection criteria.
| Principle or option | Typical application | What to verify when selecting |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel | Piping and welded vessels where mechanical design and corrosion assessment support its use. | Specific grade, toughness at design temperature, weldability, and corrosion protection or allowance.[1] |
| Austenitic stainless steel, e.g. 304L | Process piping and tanks requiring cleanability and resistance in an assessed environment. | Chlorides and other impurities, cleaning chemicals, surface finish, crevices and weld-area condition.[3][2] |
| Austenitic stainless steel, e.g. 316L | An option considered for greater corrosion demands than standard chromium-nickel grades. | The corrosion mechanism, temperature, concentration and cleaning regime; this grade is not universally chloride-resistant.[3][2] |
| Duplex stainless steel | Equipment where corrosion resistance and mechanical strength are considered together. | Specific duplex grade, service environment, welding procedure and thermal effects; properties vary across the family.[2] |
| Polypropylene, PP-H | Chemical piping and water treatment where the fluid and service conditions are suitable. | Chemical resistance, allowable pressure versus temperature and service duration, expansion, supports and jointing method.[4] |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF | Selected chemical and clean-process piping with specific system material requirements. | Resistance to the actual mixture, pressure and temperature, process cleanliness requirements, and joint and seal compatibility.[4] |
Reviewed on 18 October 2026. Selection is confirmed for the specific operating conditions and equipment design.
Connected disciplines
Related technologies
Before we start
No. Conductivity does not describe fouling, organic matter or individual dissolved constituents. The intended use determines the required analytical information.
No. Final quality depends on the complete treatment chain and verification. Requirements for drinking water or another specific use must be expressly defined.
Your next project
Send your drawings, operating parameters or a short description of the change you need. We will review the technical interfaces and propose the next steps towards a quotation, clarifying any missing information with you.
Discuss your requirements ↗Prepare a technical brief →+420 731 771 147info@emkoproject.cz